IGNOU Solved Assignment MPC 01 for the year 2022-23

Examples

Good morning, have a nice day.
Good night, sweet dreams.
Hello, how are you?

Poetic Function of Language

It is also known as an aesthetic function of language. It is used to concentrate on the message
itself, using orato1ical aspects to illuminate its beauty. These are not only used in text bit also
common in use in the form of quotes and sayings. Solved Assignment MPC 01

Example
The saying “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”. Solved Assignment MPC 01

Meta-linguistic Function of Language

This is the last function which desc1ibes the language itself. This language includes the
defination or meanings of words and also the inte1pretation of the language. Solved Assignment MPC 01

Examples
In Urdu, language princess is called Shehzadi.
A language is a way of communication between people

Question 2. Critically discuss Das, Naglieri and Kirby’s PASS theory.

ANS: The Planning, Attention-Arousal, Simultaneous and Successive (PASS) theory
of intelligence, was developed by Das, Naglie1y and Kirby (1994). PASS theory is useful to
link PASS processes to the brain. The linking of PASS processes to brain becomes helpful, for
example, in understanding the loss of sequential and planning functions due to aging in a study of individuals with Down’s Syndrome. The PASS theory provides the theoretical framework for a measurement instrument called the Das-Naglieri.

The Theories of Spearman are based on isolating factors after administering several intelligence tests over a large sample of subjects. They did not take into account how an input. This theory has taken its inspiration from the Pioneering neuropsychological researches of Alexander Luria. Luria described human cognitive processes within the framework of three functional units.

The function of the first unit is cortical arousal and attention, the second unit codes information using simultaneous and successive processes and the third unit provides for planning, self-monitoring, and structurative of cognitive activities. There are four main components of the theory, viz, Planning, Attention-Arousal, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processing systems.

Planning is a frontal lobe function. It is, more specifically, associated with the prefrontal cortex
and one of the main abilities that distinguishes humans from other primates.

The prefrontal cortex plays a central role in forming goals and objectives and then in devising
plans of action required to attain these goals. It selects the cognitive skills required to implement the plans, coordinates these skills, and applies them in a correct order. Finally, the prefrontal cortex is responsible for evaluating our actions as success or failure relative to our intentions.

Planning, therefore, helps us achieve through the selection or development of plans or strategies needed to complete tasks for which a solution is needed and is critical to all activities were the child or adult has to determine how to solve a problem. This includes generation, evaluation, and execution of a plan as well as self-monitoring and impulse control.

Thus, Planning allows for the solution of problems, control of attention, simultaneous, and
successive processes, as well as selective utilization of knowledge and skills.

Attention is a mental process that is closely related to the orienting response. The base of the
brain allows the organism to direct focused selective attention toward a stimulus over time and
resist loss of attention to other stimuli. The longer attention is required the more the activity can be one.

that demands vigilance. Attention is controlled by intentions and goals and involves knowledge and skills as well as the other PASS processes.

Next, Knowledge base is closely associated with the PASS model and all processes are found
within this framework. Knowledge base of the PASS model represents all information obtained
form the cultural and social background and throws light on various parts of behavior. Simultaneous Processing is essential for organization of information into groups or a coherent
whole.

The paiieto-occipital-temporal brain regions provide a c1itical ability to see patterns as inteITelated
elements. Planning processes provide for the programming, regulation and ve1ification of
behaviour and ai·e responsible for behaviors, such as asking questions, problem solving, and the
capacity for self-monitoring.
Successive Processing is involved with the use of stimuli atTanged in a specific serial order.
Whenever infonnation must be remembered or completed in a specific order successive processing
will be involved. Impo1tantly, however, the info1mation must not be able to be organized into a
pattern (like the number 9933811 organized into 99-33-8-11) but instead each element can only
be related to those that precede it.
The PASS theory is ai1 alternative to approaches to intelligence that have traditionally included
verbal, nonverbal, and quantitative tests. Not only does this the01y expand the view of what
“abilities” should be measured, but it also puts emphasis on basic psychological processes and
precludes verbal achievement like tests such as vocabnlaty.
Additionally, the PASS theory is an alternative to the anachronistic notion of general intelligence.
Instead, the functions of the brain are considered the building blocks of ability conceptualized
within a cognitive processing framework. While the theory may have its roots m neuro
psychology, its brai1ches are spread over developmental and educational psychology.
Tims PASS themy of cognitive processing, with its links to developmental and neuro-psychology,
provides an advantage in explanat01y power over the notion of general intelligence.
Salient features of pass theory:

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